Inhibition effects of aluminum dust explosions by various kinds of ammonium polyphosphate

In this work, vinyltriethoxysilane (A151) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) were used to modify ammonium polyphosphate (APP), showing that the dispersibility of APP could be improved remarkably by A151 and KH550. The maximum explosion pressure of aluminum dust explosion decreased with the addition of APP, A151-APP (APP-A) and KH550-APP (APP-B), with the exception of the case where the inerting ratio (α) of APP-A was less than 0.4. After the addition of APP-B, there was little difference in flame propagation behavior and explosion pressure compared with that of adding APP, indicating that APP-B could retain the inhibition performance of APP compared with APP-A. When the inerting ratios of APP, APP-A and APP-B were 1.2, 1.4 and 1.4, respectively, the aluminum dust explosion could be completely inhibited. The explosion residues of aluminum dust/APP mainly consisted of Al₂O₃, P-containing and N-containing compounds. It could be analyzed that APP exerted the inhibition effect through both chemical and physical effects.     

常温条件下CAST工艺亚硝酸型硝化的实现及特性

采用循环式活性污泥法(CAST)处理模拟生活污水，通过控制曝气量，使反应器中DO在0.13～0.74 mg/L之间，在常温下快速实现亚硝酸型硝化，然后增大曝气量使反应器内DO在0.7～3.36 mg/L之间，控制曝气时间1.5 h，考察系统内亚硝酸型硝化的维持情况。结果表明，14℃条件下，通过先控制低溶解氧浓度再控制曝...     

曝气强度对同时硝化反硝化（SND）脱氮过程中N2O排放的影响

为了控制污水脱氮中N2O排放，在不同曝气强度下研究了好氧硝化段同时硝化反硝化（SND）系统的N2O排放特性，并采用PCR—DGGE技术分析微生物群落特征。结果发现，随着曝气强度的增强，系统总氮去除率下降，但脱氮中N2O—N所占比例则上升，实验中从低到高3个曝气强度下，总氮去除率分别为80．01％、65．28％和58．62％，脱氮中N2O—N所占的比例为1．89％、7．84％和9．20％。PCR—DGGE分析显示，和低曝气强度下相比中、高曝气强度下系统微生物群落发生明显变化，但中曝气强度和高曝气强度下系统微生物群落表现出较高相似性。这表明，不同曝气强度下系统N2O排放受到氮素转化和微生物群落变化的影响。适宜曝气强度不仅提高总氮去除率，还可有效控制N2O排放。     

单级与二级BAF工艺除碳硝化效能的对比研究

在总曝气量、HRT、水温、进水水质相同的条件下,对比研究了单级(BAF C/N)和二级曝气生物液池(BAF C+N)处理生活污水的除碳硝化效能。结果表明,将除碳和硝化分级有利于提高BAF工艺的处理效能。分级后,C柱较C/N柱具有更高的COD去除容积负荷,且出水COD浓度稳定低于50 mg/L;二级BAF工艺出水NH4+-N浓度由单级BAF的5～12 mg/L降至5 mg/L以下,且N柱在pH<6.3时依然能够进行硝化;N柱中下部具有较高的微生物活性,平均比耗氧速率为32 mg O2/(g VAS·h)。二级BAF中C柱的反冲洗周期和强度与单级BAF相同,而N柱的反冲洗周期则延长至5～7 d,能够降低反冲洗能耗和用水量。     

溶解氧及活性污泥浓度对同步硝化反硝化的影响

文章研究溶解氧及活性污泥浓度对同步硝化反硝化效率的影响。研究结果表明：在一定DO范围内，随着反应器内溶解氧浓度的降低，总氮去除率呈上升趋势，即好氧反硝化效率随溶解氧浓度的降低而提高；在一定MLSS范围内，反应器内混合液污泥浓度越高，出水总氮越低，反硝化现象越明显。     

Terrestrial exposure of oilfield flowline additives diminish soil structural stability and remediative microbial function

Onshore oil production pipelines are major installations in the petroleum industry, stretching many thousands of kilometres worldwide which also contain flowline additives. The current study focuses on the effect of the flowline additives on soil physico-chemical and biological properties and quantified the impact using resilience and resistance indices. Our findings are the first to highlight deleterious effect of flowline additives by altering some fundamental soil properties, including a complete loss of structural integrity of the impacted soil and a reduced capacity to degrade hydrocarbons mainly due to: (i) phosphonate salts (in scale inhibitor) prevented accumulation of scale in pipelines but also disrupted soil physical structure; (ii) glutaraldehyde (in biocides) which repressed microbial activity in the pipeline and reduced hydrocarbon degradation in soil upon environmental exposure; (iii) the combinatory effects of these two chemicals synergistically caused severe soil structural collapse and disruption of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons.     

溶解氧对好氧颗粒污泥影响的研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥技术是一种新颖废水处理技术。溶解氧(DO)是好氧颗粒污泥形成和稳定运行的一个重要参数。好氧颗粒污泥需要的曝气量大,能耗高。高曝气量带来的高DO浓度不利于氨氮通过SND去除。当DO扩散在颗粒内部受到限制时,颗粒中心形成的厌氧层不利于颗粒污泥的长期稳定运行。本文系统分析了DO浓度对好氧颗粒污泥影响的国内外研究现状,对好氧颗粒污泥中DO浓度这一重要参数的研究进行了总结。研究在低DO浓度下保持好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性有利于降低运行成本,采取合适的方法降低颗粒内部的扩散限制有利于增强颗粒的稳定性能。     

生物流化床短程硝化的快速启动及影响因素研究

采用内循环生物流化床反应器处理模拟高浓度氨氮废水,以确定其对处理高浓度氨氮废水的可行性,同时对试验条件进行了优化。结果研究表明:控制温度为(31±1)℃,利用反应器自身流化所携带溶解的空气,反应器内DO值可维持在1.5~2.5 mg/L,调节pH为8.0~8.5。经过42 d的污泥驯化适应时期,进水氨氮(NH4+-N)浓度由50 mg/L提高到300 mg/L。由于流化床采用填料载体微生物膜与活性污泥双重作用,同时载体呈流化状态,接触均匀,有巨大的比表面积,可以使床内保持高浓度的生物量,从而达到高效快速的传质效果。在HRT由开始的16 h缩短到8 h的条件下,氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除率达到90%以上,亚硝氮(NO2--N)的积累率达到75%。且在以后30 d的稳定运行阶段,氨氮(NH4+-N)去除率和亚硝氮(NO2--N)积累率均保持稳定。同时反应器最后出水水质澄清,无需二沉池及污泥处理。     

一种高效硝化菌联合体的分离

通过最大或然数液体分离法和固体平板分离法从武汉市西湖的湖泊底泥中分离得到了一种以氨盐为唯一能源,具有硝化作用的硝化菌联合体———A2-6-3。经16S rDNA菌种鉴定,此硝化菌联合体包含的菌种归属于硝化杆菌属、硝化螺旋菌属、红假单胞菌属,其中以硝化螺旋菌属为主。对硝化菌联合体A2-6-3进行硝化速率和传代稳定性研究,发现其将氨氮转化为硝态氮的平均硝化速率为4.02 mg/(L.d),最大硝化速率达到13.99 mg/(L.d)。硝化菌联合体A2-6-3的菌群组成和硝化性能传代后保持稳定。     

好氧/除磷颗粒对亚硝化颗粒污泥启动的影响

在室温下,采用R1、R2、R3三组相同的SBR反应器接种污水厂回流污泥,比较了添加好氧颗粒、除磷颗粒对亚硝化颗粒污泥启动及稳定运行的影响.结果表明,在S1(0~22 d)阶段,R1、R2、R3均用了19 d启动亚硝化.在S2阶段(23~56d),R1不添加颗粒污泥,R2、R3分别添加20%好氧颗粒和20%除磷颗粒诱导亚硝化絮状污泥颗粒化,R1、R2和R3分别在76、42 d和56 d平均粒径达到412、468、400μm,均成功实现颗粒化.在S3阶段(57~108 d),进水氨氮负荷和COD负荷分别由0.4 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)提高到0.5 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)和0.2 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)提高到0.5 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),R1、R2反应器中颗粒粒径增加明显,但R3发生了污泥膨胀.在运行末期(108 d),R1和R2的平均粒径分别达到689μm和893μm.接种好氧颗粒和除磷颗粒均能快速实现亚硝化污泥的颗粒化,并且接种好氧颗粒的亚硝化颗粒污泥系统能适应较高C/N比进水,耐冲击负荷,能长期稳定运行.